阿尔伯特.哈伯德《致加西亚的信》
100多年前的一个傍晚,出版家阿尔伯特.哈伯德受儿子的启发,创作了《致加西亚的信》。100多年里,该书被翻译成多国文字,许多政府、军队和企业都将此书赠送给士兵和员工,作为培养士兵和员工敬业守则的必读图书。
本书所倡导的关于敬业、忠诚、勤奋的思想观念影响了一代又一代人,一个又一个国家。
A Message to Gar’cia
In all this Cubanbu’siness there is one man stands out on the hori’zon of mem’ory like Mars at pe’rihe’lion.
When war broke out between’ Spain and u`ni’ted States, it was very nec’essary to commu’nicate` quickly with the leader of the Insur’gents. Gar’cia was som’ewhere` in the mountain va’stness of Cuba - no oneknew where. No mail nor tel’egraph message could reach him. The Pres’ident must secure’ his co`op`era’tion, and quickly.
What to do?
Some one said to the Pres’ident,"There"s a fellow by the name of Rowan will find Gar’cia for you, ifan’ybod`y can."
Rowan was sent for andgiv’en a leetter to be deliv’ered to Gar’cia. How the "fellow by the name of Rowan"took the letter, sealed it up in an oil skin pouch, strapped it over his heart, in four days landed by night off the coast of Cuba from an open boat, disappear’ed into the jungle, and in three weeks came out on the other side of the i’sland, having trav’ersed a hos’tile` coun’try on foot, and deliv’ered his letter to Gar’cia - are things I have no speci’al desire’ now to tell in de’tail`.
The point I wish to make is this: Mca.Kin’ley gave Rowan a letter to be deliv’ered to Gar’cia; Roman took the letter and did nota’sk,"Where is he at?"
By the Eter’nal! There is a manwhose form should be cast in death’less bronze and the stat’ue` placed in ev’ery college of the land. It is not book-lear’ning young men need, nor instruc’tion about this, and that, but a stiff’ening of the vertebrae which will cause them to be loy’al to a trust, to act promptly, con’centrate` their en’ergies: do the thing - "Carry a message to Gar’cia!"
Gen’eral Gar’cia is dead’ now, but there are other Gar’cias. No man, who has endeav’ed to carry out an enterprise whereman’y hands were needed, but has been well nigh appal’led at times by the imbecil’ity of he av’erage man - the inabil’ity or un`wil’lingness to con’centrate` on a thing and do it.
Slip’shod` assis’tance, foolish inatten’tion, dowdy indif’ference, and ha’lf-hear’ted work seem the rule; and no man succee’ds, un`less’ by hook or crook or threat’, he forces or bribes other men to assist’ him; or may’hap`, God in His good’ness performs’ a mir’acle, and sends him an A’ngel of Light for an assis’tant.
You, reader, put this matter to a test: You are sitting now in your office - six clerks are within’ call. Summon any one and make this request’: "please look in the en`cy`clo`pe’dia and make a brief mem`oran’dum for me concer’ning the life of Cor’reggi.o`. "the qui’etly say,"Yes,sir," and go do the task?
On your life, he will not. He will look at you out of a fish’yeye anda’sk one or more of the following ques’tions:
Who was he?
Which en`cy`clo`pe’dia?
Where is the en`cy`clo`pe’dia?
Was I hired for that?
do’n"t you mean Bis’marck`?
What"s the matter with Charlie doing it?
Is he dead’?
Is there any hurry?
Sha’n"t I bring you the book and let you look it up your`self’?
What do you want to know for?
And I will lay you ten to one that after you have the ques’tions, and explain’ed how to find the informa’tion, and why you wait it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Gar’cia - and then come back and tell you there is no such man. Of course I may lose my bet, but accor’ding to the Law of av’erage, I will not.
Now if you are wise you will not both’er to explain’ to your "assis’tant" that Cor’reggi.o` is in’dex`ed under the C’s, not in the K’s, but you will smile sweetly and say, "Never mi’nd," and go look it up your`self’. And this incapac’ity for indepen’dent action, this mor’al stupidity, this infir’mity of the will, this un`wil’lingness to cheerfully catch ho’ld and lift - these are the things that put pure So’cialism so far into the future. If men will not act forthemselv’es, what will they do when the ben’efit of their effort is for all?
A first mate withknot’ted club seems nec’essary; and the dread’ of getting "the bounce" Sat’urday night ho’ldsman’y wor’ker his place. Advertise for a stenog’rapher, and nine out of ten who apply’, can nei’ther spell nor pun’ctu.ate` - and do not think it nec’essary to.
Can such a onewrite a letter to Gar’cia?
"You see that book’kee`per,"said the foreman to me in a large factory.
"Yes, what about him?"
"Well he"s a fine accoun’tant, but if I"d send him up town on an errand, he might accom’plish the errand all right,and on the other hand, might stop at four saloons’ on the way, and when he got to Main Street, would forget’ what he had been sent for."
Can such a man be entrust’ed to carry a massage to Gar’cia?
We have recently been hearing much maudlin sympathy express’ed for the "down’trod’den den’izen of the sweat’-shop"and the "homeless wan’derer sear’ching forhon’est employ’ment,"and with it all of’ten goman’y hard words for the men in power.
noth’ing is said about the employ’er who grows o’ld before his time in a vain attempt’ to get frow’sy ne’er-do-wells to do intel’ligent work; and his long pa’tient striving with "help" that does noth’ing but loaf when his back is turned. In ev’ery store and factory there is a constant weeding-out pro’cess` going on. The employ’er is constantly sending away’ "help" that have shown their incapac’ity to fur’ther the in’terests of thebu’siness, and others are being taken on. No matter how good times are, this sorting contin’ue`s: only, if times are hard and work is scarce, the sorting is done finer - finer but out and forev’er out, the incom’petent and un`wor’thy go.
It is the survi’val of the fittest. Self-in’terest prompts ev’ery employ’er to keep the best - those who can carry a message to Gar’cia.
I know one man of rea’lly bril’liant parts who has not the abil’ity to man’age abu’siness of his own, and yet who is ab’solute`ly worth’less to any one else, because’ he carries with him constantly the insane’ suspici’on that his employ’er is oppress’ing, or intend’ing to oppress’ him. He can not give orders; and he will not recei’ve them. Should a message begiv’en him to take to Gar’cia, hisa’nswer would prob’ably be, "Take it your`self’."
Tonight’ this man walks the streets looking for work, the wind whis’tling through his thread’bare` coat. No one who knows him dare employ’ him, for he is a reg’ular` fire brand of discontent’`. He is imper’vious to rea’son, and the only thing that can impress’ him is the toe of a chick-soled Number Nine boot.
Of course I know that one so mor’ally deform’ed is no less to be pit’ied than a phys’ical cripple; but in our pit’ying , let us drop a tear, too, for the men who are striving to carry on great enterprise,whose workinghours are not lim’ited by the whistle, andwhose hair is fa’st turning white through the struggle to ho’ld in line dowdy indif’ference, slip shod imbecil’ity, and the heart’less ingrat’itude`, which, but for their enterprise, would be bo’th hungry and homeless.
Have I put the matter too strongly? Pos’sibly I have; but when all the world has gone a slumming I wish to speak a work of sympathy for the man who succee’ds - the man who, agai’nst great odds, has direc’ted the efforts of others, and having succee’ded, fi’nds there"s noth’ing in it: noth’ing but bare board and clo’thes.
I have carried a dinner pail and worked for day"s wages, and I have also been an employ’er of labor, and I know there is som’ething to be said on bo’th sides. There is no excellence, pares, in pov’erty; rags are no rec`ommen`da’tion; and all employ’ers are not rapa’cious and high handed, any more than all poor men are vir’tuous.
My heart goes out to the man who does his work when the "boss" is away’,as well as when he is at home. And the man who, whengiv’en a letter for Gar’cia, qui’etly takes the missive, without’a’sking any id’i.ot’ic ques’tions, and with no lurking inten’tion of chucking it into the nearest sew’er, or of doing aught else but deliv’er it, never gets"laid off," nor has to go on a strike for higher wages. Civili`za’tion is one long an’xious search for just such individ’uals.
An’ything such a mana’sks shall be gra’nted. He is want’ed in ev’ery cit’y, town and village - in ev’ery office, shop, store and factory. The world cries out for such; he is needed, and needed badly - the man who can "carry a message to Gar’cia".
译文如下:
致加西亚的信
在所以与古巴的事情中,有一个人至今令我无法忘怀。
美西战争爆发以后,美国必须马上与西班牙反抗军首领加西亚取得联系。加西亚当时正在古巴的崇山峻岭中——没有人知道确切的地点,因而无法送信或发电报给他。但是,美国总统必须尽快与他取得联系。
怎么办呢?
有人对总统说:“有一个人名叫罗文,他能找到加西亚,也只有他才能找到。”
于是,他们把罗文找来,交给他一封写给加西亚的信。关于那个名叫罗文的人如何拿了信,如何将它装进一个油纸袋里,封口并放在胸口藏好,用4天的时间乘小船在夜色中到达古巴海岸,进入丛林,在3星期之内徒步穿越一个危机四伏的国家,将信交到加西亚手上——这些细节都不是我想说明的。
我要强调的重点是:麦金莱将一封写给加西亚的信交给了罗文,罗文接过信后,并没有问:“加西亚在哪里?”
像罗文这样的人,我们应该为他塑一座不朽的雕像,放在每一所大学里。年轻人需要的不仅是学习书本上的知识,也不仅仅是聆听他人的教诲,他们更需要一种敬业精神,对上级的命令,立即采取行动,全心全意去完成任务——“把信送给加西亚”。加西亚将军已不在人世,但现在还有其他的“加西亚”,没有人能经营好这样的企业——虽然拥有众多员工,但令人吃惊的是,其中大部分人碌碌无为,他们要么没有能力,要么根本不用心。
许多人似乎习惯懒懒散散、莫不关心、马马虎虎的工作态度。除非苦口婆心或威逼利诱他们做事,或者请上帝创造奇迹,派一名天使相助,否则这些人什么也做不了。
不信的话我们来做个试验:此刻你正坐在办公室里——外面有6名职员。你将其中的任意一位叫过来,吩咐他:“请帮我查一查百科全书,把克里吉奥的生平做成一篇摘要。”他会静静地回答:“好的,先生。”然后立即去执行吗?
我敢说他绝对不会,他会一脸疑惑的盯着你,提出一个或几个问题:
他是谁呀?
哪套百科全书?
百科全书放在哪儿?
这是我的工作吗?
您说的是俾斯麦吗?
为什么不叫查理去做呢?
他去世了吗?
急不急?
要不要我把百科全书拿来您自己查?
您为什么要查他?
我敢以十比一的赌注跟你打赌,在你回答了他所提出的问题,解释了如何去查那些资料,以及为什么要查的理由之后,他会走开,吩咐另外一个职员帮助他查某某的资料,然后回来告诉你,根本就没有这个人。当然,我也许会输,但是我根据平均律法则,我相信自己不会输。
真的,如果你很聪明,就不应该对你的职员解释,克里吉奥编在C类,而不是K类,你应该面带笑容地说:“算啦。”然后自己去查。这种被动的行为,这种道德的愚行,这种脆弱的意志,这种姑息的作风,有可能将这个社会带到“三个和尚没水喝”的危险地步。如果人们都不能为了自己而自发行动,你又怎么能期待他们为别人服务呢?
乍看起来,任何一家公司都有可以承担工作的人选,但事实真的如此吗?你登广告招聘一名速记员,应聘者中十有八九既不会拼也不会写,他们甚至认为这些都无所谓。
这种人能写信给加西亚吗?
“你看那个记账员。”一家大工厂的总经理对我说。
“看到了,怎么了?”
“他是不错的会计,但是,如果我派她到城里去办个小差事,他也许能够完成任务,但也可能中途走进一家酒吧,而到了闹市区,他甚至可能完全忘记自己是来干什么的。”
你能派这种人给加西亚送信吗?
最近,我们经常听到许多人对那些“收入微薄而毫无出头之日”以及“但求温饱却无家可归”的人表示同情,同时将那些有权有势的雇主骂得体无完肤。
但是,从没有人提到,有些雇主为什么一直到年老,都无法使那些不求上进的懒虫勤奋起来;也没有人谈及,有些雇主如何耐心地希望感动那些当他一转身就投机取巧、敷衍了事的员工,使他们振作起来。在每家商店和工厂,都有一些常规性的调整。公司负责人经常送走那些无法对公司有所贡献的员工,同时吸纳新的成员。无论业绩如何繁忙,这种调整一直在进行着。但只有当经济不景气,就业机会不多的时候,这种调整才会有明显的效果——那些无法胜任工作、缺乏才干的人,都被拒之门外。
只有那些最能干的人,才会被留下来。为了自己的利益,每位老板只会留下那些最优秀的职员——那些能“把信送给加西亚”的人。
我认识一位十分聪明的人,但是他缺乏独立创业的能力,对别人也没有丝毫价值,因为他总是在怀疑老板在压榨自己,或者有压榨他的意图。他既没有能力指挥他人,也不接受他人的指挥。如果你让他“送封信给加西亚”,他的回答极有可能是“你自己去吧”。
现在这个人正四处找工作,寒风吹得他瑟瑟发抖。认识他的人都不愿意雇用他,因为他一向喜欢煽风点火、挑拨离间。他是个不可理喻的人,有时你真得给他一脚,他才会记住教训。
我知道与那些四肢残缺的人相比,这种思想不健全的人是不值得同情的。相反,我们应该用毕生的精力去经营一家大企业的人表示同情和敬意:他们不会因为下班的铃声而放下工作,他们因为努力去使那些漫不经心、拖拖拉拉、消极偷懒、不知感恩的员工有一份工作而日增白发。许多员工不愿意想一想,如果没有老板们付出的努力和心血,他们将挨饿,变得无家可归。
我是否说得太严重了?也许是吧。不过,即使整个世界变成一座贫民窟,我也要为成功者说几句公道话——他们承受巨大的压力,引导众人的力量,终于取得了成功。但是他们从成功中又得到了什么呢?一片空虚,除了食物和衣物以外,一无所有。
我曾为了一日三餐而为他人工作,也曾当过老板,我深知这两者的酸甜苦辣。贫穷是不好的,贫苦是不值得赞美的,衣衫褴褛更不值得骄傲。但是,并非所有的老板都是贪婪鬼、专横者,就像并非所有的人都善良一样。
我钦佩那些无论老板是否在办公室都努力工作的人,我敬佩那些能够把信交给加西亚的人。他们静静地把信拿去,不会提任何愚蠢的问题,更不会随手把信丢进水沟,而是全力以赴地把信送到。这种人永远不会被解雇,也永远不会为了要求加薪而罢工。文明,就是孜孜不倦地寻找这种人才的一段漫长过程。
这种人会心想事成。在每个城市、村庄、乡镇,以及每个办公室、商店、工厂,他们都会受到欢迎。世界上急需这种人才,这种你把信送给加西亚的人。
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